Pathologies and treatments

Thyroid colloid cyst: what you need to know

Thyroid colloid cysts represent one of the most common benign thyroid nodules encountered in clinical practice, affecting millions of people worldwide. These fluid-filled structures develop within the thyroid gland when colloid—a protein-rich substance essential for hormone production—accumulates within thyroid follicles….

Conditions associated with fecal smearing

Fecal smearing, medically termed scatolia, represents a complex behavioural manifestation that occurs across various neurological, psychiatric, and developmental conditions. This challenging behaviour affects individuals of all ages and often serves as a symptom of underlying medical or psychological disorders rather…

Can lyme disease lead to rheumatoid arthritis?

The connection between Lyme disease and rheumatoid arthritis represents one of the most intriguing yet controversial areas in modern rheumatology and infectious disease medicine. Recent research has revealed that individuals diagnosed with Lyme disease face a substantially elevated risk of…

Pressure in the head when lying down: causes

Experiencing pressure in your head when lying down can be both alarming and uncomfortable, affecting your ability to rest and sleep peacefully. This phenomenon occurs when the change in body position from upright to horizontal alters blood flow patterns, cerebrospinal…

Small free fluid in the cul-de-sac: what it means

The detection of small amounts of free fluid in the cul-de-sac during ultrasound examinations represents one of the most common findings in pelvic imaging, yet it continues to generate uncertainty among both patients and healthcare providers. This fluid accumulation in…

Strattera side effects in men

Strattera, containing the active pharmaceutical ingredient atomoxetine hydrochloride, presents unique physiological challenges for male patients seeking treatment for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The medication’s impact on male physiology extends far beyond its therapeutic benefits, creating a complex matrix of potential…

Black spot under a toenail: common causes

Discovering a dark spot beneath your toenail can trigger immediate concern, particularly when considering high-profile cases like Bob Marley’s fatal melanoma that began under his toenail. However, the reality is far more reassuring than many people realise. Most black spots…

Does lisinopril cause nausea?

Nausea represents one of the most frequently reported gastrointestinal side effects associated with lisinopril therapy, affecting approximately 3-7% of patients according to post-marketing surveillance data. This angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, widely prescribed for hypertension and heart failure management, can trigger…

Trazodone use in bipolar disorder: what to know

Bipolar disorder affects millions of people worldwide, presenting unique challenges in treatment selection and management. While traditional mood stabilisers like lithium and anticonvulsants remain cornerstone therapies, clinicians increasingly explore alternative treatment options for patients who experience inadequate response or intolerable…

Rebalance your immunity with the power of probiotics

The intricate dance between our immune system and the trillions of microorganisms residing in our gut has become a focal point of modern health research. As we uncover the profound impact of the gut microbiome on our overall well-being, probiotics…